Recording from microphone input on Linux is possible, through multiple programs.
1. Recording microphone input using SoX's rec
The classical old-school way is through a little proggie called sox. Back in the day I remember we recorded with sox with a friend from the school years necroleak – mirror of his website is on kenamick.www.pc-freak.net, trying to make save vox for one of his Tracked Songs. The experiments was not very succesful as both the PC microphone was low quality one, as well as the the state of recording microphone sound streams on Linux was terrible, but at least I learned about sox.
sox is not so popular and mainstream as it used to be back in the day but for anyone willing to investigate into the roots of GNU / Linux sound capturing make sure you have installed sox, alsa-utils and lame package. The package is available across virtually all main stream Linux distributions, depending on the distro to INSTALL sox do:
apt-get install --yes sox alsa-utils lame
....
(On Debian, Ubuntu, Arch, Xubuntu … )
yum -y install sox alsa-utils lame
....
(on Fedora, CentOS, RHEL …)
slapt-get install sox ; swaret install sox alsa-utils lame
.....
(on Slackware and derivatives)
Before continuing it is a good idea to check, the microphone is not muted in alsamixer, amixer or aumix
The SoX package provides 4 binaries;
dpkg -L sox|grep -i /usr/bin/
/usr/bin/sox
/usr/bin/rec
/usr/bin/play
/usr/bin/soxi
sox -is tool to apply effects to recorded sound streams
rec – is historically among the first sound recorder tool to make records from microphone (even form the days of OSS – Open Sound System)
play – play is tiny .WAV and some other native classical sounds formats with a beautiful ASCII art (text) equalizer
soxi – gives information on recorded sound stream header (info)
rec -r 8000 -c 1 record_microphone_input.wav
rec is unfortunately made to use the old and now obsolete /dev/dsp sound interface, so on many Linux distributions, recording sound with it might pose problems.
Another problem of rec is it usually records with a lot of noise, thus reducing the noise later with sox cmd is almost necessery, to mitigate the noise you will have to experiment with its options. For some better quality of recording use arg -r 22050.
A little shell script with plenty of example use cases of rec and post sox effect applied as synchronization record_and_normalize_from_mic_with_rec_and_sox_on_linux.sh is here
Generally I mentioned rec for historical reasons, nowadays it is quite obsolete so you probably better stick to the newer alsa native arecord.
2. Recording sound from microphone using alsa-utils arecord
alsa-utils package has bunch of tools to record, play and tune sound;
dpkg -L alsa-utils |grep -i /usr/bin/
/usr/bin/aplaymidi
/usr/bin/aplay
/usr/bin/aconnect
/usr/bin/amixer
/usr/bin/alsamixer
/usr/bin/aseqdump
/usr/bin/arecordmidi
/usr/bin/speaker-test
/usr/bin/iecset
/usr/bin/amidi
/usr/bin/aseqnet
/usr/bin/arecord
One of tools included arecord is able to capture sound from microphone. arecord, can record into .WAV, but as .WAVs are not compressed and most people prefer to save the input to some more wide recognized format as .MP3 it should be invoked in conjunction with lame;
arecord -D plughw:0,0 -f S16_LE -c1 -r22050 -t raw | lame -r -s 22.05 -m m -b 64 - mic-input.mp3
Writting this long and hard to remember command line and arguments is tough, so I created a tiny shell script wrapper which accepts as 1-st argument a file name and saves .WAV and converts it to .MP3. The script linux_record_from_microphone.sh is here
3. Recording from microphone input using ffmpeg
I've earlier blogged on how to use ffmpeg to capture Microphone sound here.
For those lazy to read my previous post the skele syntax is;
ffmpeg -f alsa -ac 2 -i pulse -acodec pcm_s16le -vcodec libx264 -vpre lossless_ultrafast -threads 0 -y myVOICE.wav
To later convert WAV to MP3 use lame;
lame -r -s 22.05 -m m -b 64 myVOICE.wav mic-input.mp3
